Stone Weierstrass, An Introduction

Introduction

The continuous functions from a space S, usually a compact space, into the reals, denoted c(S), forms a ring, an R vector space, a partially ordered lattice, and a complete metric space. In the next few sections we will analyze c(S), and prove the Stone (biography) Weierstrass (biography) theorem. This is used to approximate arbitrary functions in c(S) using a specific set of functions, rather like spanning a vector space with a basis.

In a direct application, sines and cosines combine to build any periodic wave form, in a process known as fourier analysis. Any continuous wave can be approximated, uniformly, with arbitrary precision, using these basic trig functions. In other words, a basis in c(S) spans all of c(S).